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1.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 82(3): 298-303, jun. 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-899908

ABSTRACT

Afortunadamente, las arritmias malignas en un embarazo de curso normal son raras y la mayoría de las quejas por palpitaciones se deben a arritmias benignas. Dentro de ellas las taquicardias supraventriculares paroxísticas (TSP) se describen en la literatura con relativa frecuencia y pueden ocurrir sólo, o incluso exacerbarse, durante el embarazo, debido a un efecto pro-arritmogénico de la gestación. Así en pacientes gestantes la carga hemodinámica y los cambios del tono autonómico facilitan la aparición de arritmias, más frecuentemente en mujeres con limitada reserva cardíaca y pueden llegar a comprometer la supervivencia del feto y de la madre debido a las consecuencias hemodinámicas o los efectos adversos de los tratamientos farmacológicos y no farmacológicos. Presentamos el caso de una gestante a término que durante el trabajo de parto, posterior a la administración de analgesia epidural con ropivacaína y fentanilo, sufre un cuadro de hipotensión materna y bradicardia materna/fetal mantenida que requiere ser medicada con efedrina y atropina intravenosa. Inmediatamente presenta palpitaciones y dolor torácico sostenido, diagnosticándosele TSP que cede con la administración de adenosina intravenosa, no repitiendo nuevos episodios durante el trabajo de parto ni puerperio. En nuestro caso la arritmia ocurrió como efecto adverso de la efedrina y administradas para recuperar el cuadro de hipotensión causada por la analgesia epidural.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Tachycardia, Supraventricular/chemically induced , Tachycardia, Supraventricular/drug therapy , Adenosine/therapeutic use , Obstetric Labor Complications/chemically induced , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/therapeutic use , Ephedrine/adverse effects , Obstetric Labor Complications/drug therapy
2.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 59(1): 11-20, jan.-fev. 2009. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-505839

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A hipotensão arterial durante a anestesia raquídea para cesariana deve-se ao bloqueio simpático e compressão aorto-cava pelo útero e pode ocasionar efeitos deletérios para o feto e a mãe. A efedrina e fenilefrina melhoram o retorno venoso após bloqueio simpático durante anestesia raquídea. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a eficácia da efedrina e da fenilefrina em prevenir e tratar a hipotensão arterial materna durante anestesia raquídea e avaliar seus efeitos colaterais e alterações fetais. MÉTODO: Sessenta pacientes, submetidas à anestesia raquídea com bupivacaína e sufentanil para cesariana, foram divididas aleatoriamente em dois grupos para receber, profilaticamente, efedrina (Grupo E, n = 30, dose = 10 mg) ou fenilefrina (Grupo F, n = 30, dose = 80 µg). Hipotensão arterial (pressão arterial menor ou igual a 80 por cento da medida basal) foi tratada com bolus de vasoconstritor com 50 por cento da dose inicial. Foram avaliados: incidência de hipotensão arterial, hipertensão arterial reativa, bradicardia e vômitos, escore de Apgar no primeiro e quinto minutos e gasometria do cordão umbilical. RESULTADOS: A dose média de efedrina foi 14,8 ± 3,8 mg e 186,7 ± 52,9 µg de fenilefrina. Os grupos foram semelhantes quanto aos parâmetros demográficos e incidência de vômitos, bradicardia e hipertensão arterial reativa. A incidência de hipotensão arterial foi de 70 por cento no Grupo E e 93 por cento no Grupo F (p < 0,05). O pH arterial médio do cordão umbilical e o escore de Apgar no primeiro minuto foram menores no grupo E (p < 0,05). Não houve diferença no escore do quito minuto. CONCLUSÕES: A efedrina foi mais eficiente que fenilefrina na prevenção de hipotensão arterial. Ambos os fármacos apresentaram incidência semelhante de efeitos colaterais. As repercussões fetais foram menos freqüentes com o uso da fenilefrina e apenas transitórias com a utilização da efedrina.


JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: La hipotensión arterial durante la anestesia raquídea para cesárea se debe al bloqueo simpático y a la compresión aortocava por el útero y puede ocasionar efectos malignos para el feto y su madre. La efedrina y fenilefrina mejoran el retorno venoso después del bloqueo simpático durante la anestesia raquídea. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la eficacia de la efedrina y de la fenilefrina en prevenir y tratar la hipotensión arterial materna durante la anestesia raquídea y evaluar así sus efectos colaterales y las alteraciones fetales. MÉTODO: Sesenta pacientes, sometidas a la anestesia raquídea con bupivacaína y sufentanil para cesárea, se dividieron aleatoriamente en dos grupos para recibir, profilácticamente, efedrina (Grupo E, n = 30, dosis = 10mg) o fenilefrina (Grupo F, n = 30, dosis = 80 µg). Hipotensión arterial (presión arterial menor o igual a un 80 por ciento de la medida basal) fue tratada con bolo de vasoconstrictor con un 50 por ciento de la dosis inicial. Se evaluaron: incidencia de hipotensión arterial, hipertensión arterial reactiva, bradicardia y vómitos, puntuación de Apgar en el 1º y 5º minutos y gasometría del cordón umbilical. RESULTADOS: La dosis promedio de efedrina fue 14,8 mg (± 3,8) y 186,7 µg (± 52,9) de fenilefrina. Los grupos fueron similares en cuanto a los parámetros demográficos y a la incidencia de vómitos, bradicardia e hipertensión arterial reactiva. La incidencia de hipotensión arterial fue de un 70 por ciento en el Grupo E y un 93 por ciento en el Grupo F (p < 0,05). El pH arterial promedio del cordón umbilical y el puntaje de Apgar en el 1º minuto fueron menores en el grupo E (p < 0,05). No se registró diferencia en el puntaje del 5º minuto. CONCLUSIONES: La efedrina fue más efectiva que la fenilefrina en la prevención de la hipotensión arterial. Los dos fármacos presentaron una incidencia similar de efectos colaterales. Las repercusiones fetales fueron menos frecuentes...


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Hypotension during spinal block for cesarean section is secondary to the sympathetic blockade and aorto-caval compression by the uterus and it can be deleterious to both the fetus and the mother. Ephedrine and phenylephrine improve venous return after sympathetic blockade during the spinal block. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of ephedrine and phenylephrine in the prevention and treatment of maternal hypotension during spinal block and to evaluate their side effects and fetal changes. METHODS: Sixty patients undergoing spinal block with bupivacaine and sufentanil for cesarean section were randomly divided in two groups to receive prophylactic ephedrine (Group E, n = 30, dose = 10 mg) or phenylephrine (Group P, n = 30, dose = 80 µg). Hypotension (blood pressure equal or lower than 80 percent of baseline values) was treated with bolus administration of the vasoconstrictor at 50 percent of the initial dose. The incidence of hypotension, reactive hypertension, bradycardia, and vomiting, and Apgar scores on the 1st and 5th minutes, and blood gases of the umbilical cord blood were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean dose of ephedrine used was 14.8 ± 3.8 mg and of phenylephrine was 186.7 ± 52.9 µg. Demographic parameters and the incidence of vomiting, bradycardia, and reactive hypertension were similar in both groups. Hypotension had an incidence of 70 percent in Group E and 93 percent in Group P (p < 0.05). The mean arterial pH of the umbilical cord blood and the Apgar score in the 1st minute were lower in Group E (p < 0.05). Differences in the Apgar score in the 5th minute were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: Ephedrine was more effective than phenylephrine in the prevention of hypotension. Both drugs had similar incidence of side effects. Fetal repercussions were less frequent with phenylephrine and were transitory with the use of ephedrine.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Ephedrine/adverse effects , Ephedrine/standards , Phenylephrine/adverse effects , Phenylephrine/standards , Hypotension/prevention & control , Intraoperative Complications , Anesthesia, Obstetrical , Cesarean Section
3.
Rev. bras. cardiol. invasiva ; 15(1): 73-76, jan.-mar. 2007. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-452032

ABSTRACT

Relatamos o caso de uma senhora de 77 anos, que vinha em uso de anti-histamínico associado a pseudo-efedrina por processo alérgico de vias aéreas superiores, admitida no Pronto Socorro com quadro de infarto agudo do miocárdio com elevação do segmento ST em parede ântero-lateral. O cateterismo cardíaco revelou artérias coronárias tortuosas e sem lesões obstrutivas, com hipercontratilidade esquerda. Devido a derrames pericárdicos de repetição, foi submetida à drenagem pleuro-pericárdica. Causas reumatológicas foram excluídas. Após 30 dias, recebeu alta em boas condições clínicas...


This is the report on a 77-year-old female patient on antihistaminic associated to pseudoephedrin to treat an allergy conditionin upper airways. The patient was admitted to the Emergency Unit with acute myocardial infarction and ST segment elevation in the antero-lateral wall. Cardiac catheterism showed tortuous coronaries, no obstructive lesions, and baselinehypercontractility associated to antero-apical akinesia on left ventriculography. As a result of repeated pericardial strokes, the patient was submitted to pleuro-pericardial drainage. Rheumatological causes were ruled out. The patient was discharged after 30 days in good clinical conditions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Histamine H1 Antagonists/adverse effects , Cardiomyopathies/etiology , Cardiomyopathies/physiopathology , Ephedrine/administration & dosage , Ephedrine/adverse effects , Myocardial Infarction/complications , Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis
4.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 87(5): e179-e181, nov. 2006.
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-452161

ABSTRACT

Suplementos dietéticos que contêm efedrina e outros alcalóides relacionados à efedrina são largamente consumidos em vários países, com propósito de estímulo energético e perda de peso. Mesmo sendo proibida a sua comercialização no Brasil, esses produtos podem ser comprados ilegalmente pela Internet ou em academias. Relatamos a seguir o caso de um jovem atleta, sem fatores de risco para doença cardiovascular, que apresentou infarto do miocárdio no período em que fez uso de suplemento rico em efedrina.


Dietary supplements containing ephedrine and other alkaloids related to ephedrine are largely consumed in various countries, with the purpose of energetic stimulation and weight loss. Despite the fact that it is not approved for marketing in Brazil, these products may be freely purchased over the Internet or at gyms/fitness centers. We report the case of a young athlete with no risk factors for cardiovascular disease who experienced a myocardial infarction during the period in which he used an ephedrine-rich supplement.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Dietary Supplements/adverse effects , Ephedrine/adverse effects , Myocardial Infarction/chemically induced , Angioplasty, Balloon , Myocardial Infarction/therapy , Stents
5.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-43187

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Common colds are usually treated by the patients themselves with over-the-counter (OTC) cold medications. Many cough and cold remedies are available and sold freely without prescription. The authors conducted a study to compare the efficacy, adverse effects, the quality of life (QOL) and the patient's opinion and appreciation on the drugs (POD) between Dayquil/Nyquil and Actifed DM plus paracetamol syrup. METHOD: In this prospective, investigator-blinded clinical trial, 120 patients, aged between 15 and 60 years old, with common colds within 72 hours, who accepted the trial and gave informed written consent, were randomized into two treatment groups. One patient was excluded due to evidence of bacterial infection. Fifty-nine patients were treated with Dayquil/Nyquil (D/N group), while the other 60 patients had Actifed DM plus paracetamol (ADM/P group) for three days. On day 1 the patient's demographic data (sex, age, body weight, blood pressure, co-existing diseases/conditions, drug use, and allergy to any drugs), the most prominent symptoms and its duration were recorded. All patients were screened for bacterial infection by physical examination, complete blood count and sinus radiographs. The symptoms (nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, sneezing, cough, sore throat, fever and headache) and signs (injected nasal mucosa, nasal discharge and pharyngeal discharge) were scored, based on 4-point scale (0 to 3), on days 1 and 4. Changing of the symptoms and QOL were recorded on the diary card. The patient's opinion and appreciation on the drugs (POD) was assessed on day 4. The effectiveness (the ability to lessen the symptoms and signs), QOL and POD between two treatments were compared. RESULTS: The demographic data between the two groups were similar. The four most common prominent symptoms of common colds in our series were cough (47.9%), sore throat (26.17%), rhinorrhea (8.4%) and headache (8.4%). However, both treatments were equally effective in lessening the symptoms (P = 0.426) and signs (P = 0.716) of common cold from days 1 to 4. The adverse effects were significantly higher in ADM/P group than in D/N group (p = 0.006). In contrast, QOL in terms of alertness, freshness and sound sleep improved from day 1 to day 3 in both treatments, but the overall day-3 score was significantly higher in the D/N group than the ADM/P group (1.85 +/- 1.83; 1.25 +/- 1.94: p = 0.024). POD in terms of convenience, flavour of drug, effectiveness of the drug and a need to repeat the drug assessed on day 4, was also significantly higher in the D/N group than the ADM/P group (10.68 +/- 2.56; 8.92 +/- 2.27: p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Dayquil/Nyquil are as effective as Actifed DM plus paracetamol in controlling the symptoms and signs of the common cold, but have fewer adverse effects. The quality of life assessed during the use of the drugs was significantly higher in the Dayquil/Nyquil group, and according to the patients, they prefered Dayquil/Nyquil more than Actifed DM plus paracetamol.


Subject(s)
Acetaminophen/adverse effects , Adolescent , Adult , Common Cold/drug therapy , Dextromethorphan/adverse effects , Doxylamine/adverse effects , Drug Combinations , Ephedrine/adverse effects , Expectorants/adverse effects , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nonprescription Drugs/adverse effects , Patient Satisfaction , Promethazine/adverse effects , Prospective Studies , Quality of Life , Triprolidine/adverse effects
6.
J. bras. psiquiatr ; 49(10/12): 383-6, out.-dez. 2000.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-297962

ABSTRACT

Os autores fazem uma revisäo das "drogas desenhadas" - específicamente o MDMA, a metcatinona e o alfa-metil-fentanil, substâncias sintéticas produzidas ilegalmente em laboratório; enfatizam suas propriedades, seu uso crescente na populaçäo e a importância do diagnóstico de manifestaçöes pelo uso dessas drogas


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine/adverse effects , 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine/pharmacokinetics , Illicit Drugs/adverse effects , Illicit Drugs/pharmacokinetics , Ephedrine/adverse effects , Ephedrine/pharmacokinetics , Substance-Related Disorders
9.
Arq. Inst. Penido Burnier ; 30(2): 95-8, jul. 1988. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-77051

ABSTRACT

Os pacientes para cirurgia oftálmica estäo situados, em grande parte, nas últimas décadas, exigindo durante anestesia geral inalatória cuidados especiais na prevençäo e imediato tratamento da hipotensäo arterial que muitas vezes sobrevém. Depois de revisarem as alteraçöes fisiológicas dos pacientes idosos säo descritas as açöes e os efeitos de alguns medicamentos que podem ser utilizados, visando manter perfusäo sangüínea adequada aos órgäos mais nobres, cérebro, coraçäo, e rins. Säo também descritas as açöes colaterais indesejáveis dos vasopressores indicados


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Anesthesia, Inhalation/adverse effects , Eye/surgery , Hypotension , Aminophylline/adverse effects , Calcium/adverse effects , Dopamine/adverse effects , Ephedrine/adverse effects , Epinephrine/adverse effects , Hypotension/prevention & control , Hypotension/therapy , Intraoperative Period , Metaraminol/adverse effects , Norepinephrine/adverse effects
10.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 1973 Nov; 61(9): 388-92
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-104432
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